Thinking on the Web: Berners-Lee, Gödel and Turing

• Provides valuable insight into the progress and direction of development of the World Wide Web and its likely future applications in science and business.
• Reviews the prospects for the Web to develop intelligent services (such as online businesses, games, purchases, new search capabilities, and accessibility to trustworthy information).
• Offers a view for thinking about thinking on the Web.
• The companion website offers access to supplemental text, specialized information, additional examples, demos, tools reference material, and advanced applications.

 

Table of Contents

Foreword.

Preface.

Acknowledgments.

Who This Book Is For.

The Organization of This Book.

Associated Resources.

PART I: WHAT IS WEB INTELLIGENCE?

1 Empowering the Information Age.

Overview.

Thinking and Intelligent Web Applications.

The Information Age.

The World Wide Web.

Limitations of Today’s Web.

The Next Generation Web.

Why Intelligent Ubiquitous Devices Improve Productivity.

Conclusion.

Exercises.

Interlude #1: Thinking about Thinking.

2 G¨odel: What is Decidable?

Overview.

Philosophical and Mathematical Logic.

Kurt G¨odel.

Knowledge Representation.

Computational Logic.

Artificial Intelligence.

Web Architecture and Business Logic.

The Semantic Web.

Conclusion.

Exercises.

Interlude #2: Truth and Beauty.

3 Turing: What is Machine Intelligence?

Overview.

What is Machine Intelligence?

Alan Turing.

Turing Test and the Loebner Prize.

John Searle’s Chinese Room.

Artificial Intelligence.

Machine Intelligence.

Semantic Networks and Frames.

Reasoning with Semantic Networks.

Computational Complexity.

Description Logic.

Ontology.

Inference Engines.

Software Agents.

Adaptive Software.

Limitations and Capabilities.

Conclusion.

Exercises.

Interlude #3: Computing Machines.

4 Berners-Lee: What is Solvable on the Web?

Overview.

The World Wide Web.

Tim Berners-Lee.

The Semantic Web Roadmap.

Logic on the Semantic Web.

Conclusion.

Exercises.

Interlude #4: Turing’s Test.

PART II: WEB ONTOLOGY AND LOGIC.

5 Resource Description Framework.

Overview.

HTML Language.

XML Language.

RDF Language.

Basic Elements.

RDF Schema.

XQuery: XML Query Language.

Conclusion.

Exercises.

Interlude #5: The Chinese Room.

6 Web Ontology Language.

Overview.

Ontology Language.

Ontology Language Requirements.

Compatibility of OWL and RDF/RDFS.

The OWL Language.

Basic Elements.

OWL Example: Compute Ontology.

Ontology Example: Birthplace.

Applying OWL.

OWL Capabilities and Limitations.

Conclusion.

Exercises.

Interlude #6: Machines and Brains.

7 Ontology Engineering.

Overview.

Ontology Engineering.

Constructing Ontology.

Ontology Development Tools.

Ontology “Spot” Example.

Ontology Methods.

Ontology Sharing and Merging.

Ontology Libraries.

Ontology Matching.

Ontology Mapping.

Ontology Mapping Tools.

Conclusion.

Exercises.

Interlude #7: Machines and Meaning.

8 Logic, Rules, and Inference.

Overview.

Logic and Inference.

Monotonic and Nonmonotonic Rules.

Descriptive Logic.

Inference Engines.

RDF Inference Engine.

Conclusion.

Exercises.

Interlude #8: Machines and Rules.

9 Semantic Web Rule Language.

Overview.

Rule Systems.

Rule Languages.

Semantic Web Rule Language.

Conclusion.

Exercise.

Interlude #9: Machines and Language.

10 Semantic Web Applications.

Overview.

Semantic Web Applications.

Semantic Web Services.

Semantic Search.

e-Learning.

Semantic Bioinformatics.

Enterprise Application Integration.

Knowledge Base.

Conclusion.

Exercise.

Interlude #10: Distributed Intelligence.

11 Web Ontology Language for Services.

Overview.

XML-based Web Services.

Next Generation Web Services.

Creating an OWL-S Ontology for Web Services.

Conclusion.

Exercises.

Interlude #11: The Semantic Web.

12 Semantic Search Technology.

Overview.

Search Engines.

Semantic Search.

Semantic Search Technology.

Web Search Agents.

Semantic Methods.

Latent Semantic Index Search.

TAP.

Swoogle.

Conclusion.

Exercises.

Interlude #12: The Halting Problem.

13 Semantic Patterns and Adaptive Software.

Overview.

Patterns in Software Design.

Pattern Frame.

Semantic Patterns.

Self-Organizing and Adaptive Software.

Conclusion.

Exercise.

Interlude #13: The Semantic Web and Rules.

14 Semantic Tools.

Overview.

Semantic Tools.

Semantic Web Services Tools.

Conclusion.

Exercise.

Interlude #14: The Semantic Web and Language.

15 Challenges and Opportunities.

Overview.

Semantic Doubts.

Semantic Opportunities.

The Challenges.

Balancing Proprietary and Open Standards.

Conclusion.

Interlude #15: The Semantic Web and Zeno’s Paradox.

Bibliography.

Glossary.

Acronyms.

Index.