Altium Designer 24 PCB設計官方教程(基礎應用)
李崇偉 高夏英
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目錄
第 1 章 Altium Designer 24 軟件概述 ........................................................................... 1
95 分鐘
1.1 Altium Designer 24 軟件介紹 ..............................................................................................1
1.2 Altium Designer 24 的特點及新增功能................................................................................2
1.2.1 Altium Designer 24 的特點......................................................................................2
1.2.2 Altium Designer 24 新增功能 ..................................................................................2
1.3 Altium Designer 24 軟件的運行環境 ...................................................................................3
1.4 Altium Designer 24 軟件的安裝和激活................................................................................3
1.4.1 Altium Designer 24 的安裝......................................................................................3
1.4.2 Altium Infrastructure Server 基礎結構服務器的安裝與激活 ....................................7
1.4.3 Altium Designer 24 的插件安裝 ............................................................................14
1.5 常用系統參數的設置 .........................................................................................................15
1.5.1 General 參數設置 ..................................................................................................16
1.5.2 View 參數設置 .......................................................................................................17
1.5.3 賬戶管理................................................................................................................18
1.5.4 Navigation 參數設置..............................................................................................19
1.5.5 Design Insight 參數設置........................................................................................22
1.5.6 File Types 參數設置 ..............................................................................................24
1.5.7 鼠標滾輪配置 ........................................................................................................24
1.5.8 Network Activity 參數設置.....................................................................................25
1.6 常用數據管理設置 .............................................................................................................25
1.6.1 自動備份設置 ........................................................................................................25
1.6.2 安裝庫的設置 ........................................................................................................25
1.7 系統設置............................................................................................................................26
1.7.1 系統參數的導出和導入 ..........................................................................................26
1.7.2 Light/Dark 主題切換功能.......................................................................................28
第 2 章 PCB 設計流程與工程創建 ......................................................................................... 29
13 分鐘
2.1 PCB 設計總流程................................................................................................................29
2.2 完整工程文件的組成 .........................................................................................................29
2.3 創建新工程及各類組成文件...............................................................................................30
2.4 給工程添加或移除已有文件...............................................................................................34
2.4.1 給工程添加已有文件..............................................................................................34
2.4.2 從工程中移除已有文件 ..........................................................................................34
2.5 快速查詢文件保存路徑......................................................................................................35
2.6 重命名文件名稱.................................................................................................................35
目錄
第 3 章 元件庫的創建和加載 .................................................................................................. 36
90 分鐘
3.1 元件的命名規範及歸類......................................................................................................36
3.2 原理圖庫常用操作命令......................................................................................................38
3.3 元件符號的繪制方法 .........................................................................................................46
3.3.1 手工繪制元件符號 .................................................................................................46
3.3.2 利用 Symbol Wizard 製作多引腳元件符號 ............................................................49
3.3.3 繪制含有子部件的庫元件符號 ...............................................................................51
3.4 封裝的命名和規範 .............................................................................................................52
3.5 PCB 元件庫的常用操作命令 .............................................................................................54
3.6 封裝製作............................................................................................................................60
3.6.1 手工製作封裝 ........................................................................................................60
3.6.2 IPC 向導（元件向導）製作封裝 ............................................................................64
3.6.3 異形焊盤的製作.....................................................................................................70
3.7 創建及導入 3D 元件 ..........................................................................................................76
3.7.1 繪制簡單的 3D 模型 ..............................................................................................77
3.7.2 導入 3D 模型 .........................................................................................................79
3.8 元件與封裝的關聯 .............................................................................................................80
3.8.1 給單個元件匹配封裝..............................................................................................80
3.8.2 符號管理器的使用 .................................................................................................81
3.8.3 封裝管理器的使用 .................................................................................................83
3.9 集成庫的製作方法 .............................................................................................................85
3.9.1 集成庫的創建 ........................................................................................................85
3.9.2 庫文件的加載 ........................................................................................................86
第 4 章 原理圖設計 .................................................................................................................. 89
13 分鐘
4.1 原理圖常用參數設置 .........................................................................................................89
4.1.1 General 參數設置 ..................................................................................................89
4.1.2 Graphical Editing 參數設置...................................................................................92
4.1.3 Compiler 參數設置 ................................................................................................94
4.1.4 Grids 參數設置 ......................................................................................................95
4.1.5 Break Wire 參數設置 .............................................................................................96
4.2 原理圖設計流程.................................................................................................................97
4.3 設置圖紙並放置元器件......................................................................................................98
4.3.1 圖紙大小................................................................................................................98
4.3.2 圖紙柵格................................................................................................................98
4.3.3 查找並放置元器件 .................................................................................................99
VIII 目錄
4.3.4 設置元件屬性 ......................................................................................................100
4.3.5 元件的對齊操作...................................................................................................101
4.3.6 元器件的復制、粘貼............................................................................................101
4.4 連接元器件......................................................................................................................103
4.4.1 自定義快捷鍵 ......................................................................................................103
4.4.2 放置導線連接元件 ...............................................................................................105
4.4.3 放置網絡標簽 ......................................................................................................105
4.4.4 埠的應用 ..........................................................................................................106
4.4.5 放置離圖連接器...................................................................................................110
4.4.6 放置差分對指示...................................................................................................110
4.4.7 原理圖中設置差分對類 ........................................................................................111
4.4.8 原理圖中設置網絡類............................................................................................112
4.4.9 網絡標簽識別範圍 ...............................................................................................114
4.5 原理圖常規操作...............................................................................................................115
4.5.1 自動圖紙編號 ......................................................................................................115
4.5.2 網絡名稱的識別...................................................................................................116
4.5.3 網絡全局高亮顯示 ...............................................................................................116
4.5.4 元件引腳到多個焊盤的映射.................................................................................117
4.5.5 元件庫自定義備用元件 ........................................................................................118
4.5.6 創建原理圖模板...................................................................................................119
4.5.7 調用原理圖模板...................................................................................................122
4.5.8 原理圖和 PCB 網絡顏色同步...............................................................................124
4.5.9 原理圖的屏蔽設置 ...............................................................................................125
4.5.10 全局編輯——查找相似對象 ...............................................................................126
4.6 分配元件標號 ..................................................................................................................127
4.7 原理圖電氣檢測及項目驗證.............................................................................................129
4.7.1 原理圖常用檢測設置............................................................................................130
4.7.2 項目驗證..............................................................................................................131
4.7.3 原理圖的修正 ......................................................................................................131
第5章 PCB設計..................................................................................................................... 132
54 分鐘
5.1 PCB 常用系統參數設置...................................................................................................132
5.1.1 General 參數設置 ................................................................................................132
5.1.2 Display 參數設置.................................................................................................134
5.1.3 Board Insight Display 參數設置 ..........................................................................135
5.1.4 Board Insight Modes 參數設置 ...........................................................................136
5.1.5 Board Insight Color Overrides 參數設置.............................................................137
IX 目錄
5.1.6 DRC Violations Display 參數設置........................................................................138
5.1.7 Interactive Routing 參數設置 ..............................................................................139
5.1.8 Defaults 參數設置................................................................................................144
5.1.9 Layer Colors 參數設置 ........................................................................................146
5.2 PCB 篩選功能 .................................................................................................................146
5.3 同步電路原理圖數據 .......................................................................................................147
5.4 定義板框及原點設置 .......................................................................................................149
5.4.1 定義板框..............................................................................................................149
5.4.2 從 CAD 里導入板框 .............................................................................................150
5.4.3 設置板框原點 ......................................................................................................152
5.4.4 定位孔的設置 ......................................................................................................152
5.5 層的相關設置 ..................................................................................................................154
5.5.1 層的顯示與隱藏...................................................................................................154
5.5.2 層顏色設置 ..........................................................................................................154
5.5.3 設計對象的顯示與隱藏 ........................................................................................156
5.6 常用規則設置 ..................................................................................................................159
5.6.1 Electrical 之 Clearance .......................................................................................160
5.6.2 Electrical 之 Short Circuit ....................................................................................161
5.6.3 Electrical 之 UnRoutedNet ..................................................................................162
5.6.4 Electrical 之 Creepage Distance ........................................................................162
5.6.5 Routing 之 Width .................................................................................................164
5.6.6 Routing 之 Routing Via Style ...............................................................................165
5.6.7 Routing 之 Differential Pairs Routing...................................................................165
5.6.8 Plane 之 Polygon Connect Style .........................................................................165
5.6.9 規則優先級 ..........................................................................................................167
5.6.10 規則的導入與導出 .............................................................................................168
5.7 約束管理器 2.0................................................................................................................170
5.7.1 訪問 Constraint Manager 2.0 ..............................................................................171
5.7.2 設置基本規則 ......................................................................................................173
5.7.3 Advanced 規則 ...................................................................................................176
5.7.4 規則交叉探測 ......................................................................................................179
5.8 PCB 佈局 ........................................................................................................................180
5.8.1 軟件分屏操作 ......................................................................................................181
5.8.2 交叉選擇模式功能 ...............................................................................................181
5.8.3 PCB 的動態 Lasso 選擇.......................................................................................183
5.8.4 區域內排列功能...................................................................................................184
5.8.5 交互式佈局與模塊化佈局 ....................................................................................184
X 目錄
5.8.6 佈局常見的基本原則............................................................................................185
5.8.7 元器件對齊及換層 ...............................................................................................186
5.9 PCB 布線 ........................................................................................................................187
5.9.1 PCB 光標捕捉系統 ..............................................................................................187
5.9.2 差分對的添加 ......................................................................................................192
5.9.3 常用的布線命令...................................................................................................194
5.9.4 飛線的顯示與隱藏 ...............................................................................................196
5.9.5 類的創建..............................................................................................................196
5.9.6 網絡顏色的更改...................................................................................................198
5.9.7 走線自動優化操作 ...............................................................................................200
5.9.8 PCB 的布線邊界顯示...........................................................................................206
5.9.9 滴淚的添加與刪除 ...............................................................................................207
5.9.10 過孔蓋油處理 ....................................................................................................208
5.9.11 全局編輯操作 ....................................................................................................210
5.9.12 鋪銅操作............................................................................................................211
5.9.13 放置尺寸標註 ....................................................................................................212
5.9.14 放置 Logo..........................................................................................................214
第 6 章 PCB 後期處理 ............................................................................................................. 218
20 分鐘
6.1 DRC 檢查 ........................................................................................................................218
6.1.1 電氣規則檢查 ......................................................................................................219
6.1.2 天線網絡檢查 ......................................................................................................219
6.1.3 布線規則檢查 ......................................................................................................220
6.1.4 DRC 檢測報告 .....................................................................................................220
6.2 位號的調整......................................................................................................................221
6.3 裝配圖製造輸出...............................................................................................................223
6.3.1 位號圖輸出 ..........................................................................................................223
6.3.2 阻值圖輸出 ..........................................................................................................233
6.4 輸出生產文件 ..................................................................................................................234
6.4.1 輸出 Gerber Files ................................................................................................235
6.4.2 輸出 NC Drill Files ...............................................................................................237
6.4.3 輸出 Test Point Report ........................................................................................239
6.4.4 輸出坐標文件 ......................................................................................................239
6.5 BOM 輸出........................................................................................................................241
6.6 原理圖 PDF 輸出.............................................................................................................243
6.7 文件規範存盤 ..................................................................................................................245
XI 目錄
第 7 章 2 層 Leonardo 開發板的 PCB 設計 .......................................................................... 246
336 分鐘
7.1 實例簡介..........................................................................................................................246
7.2 工程文件的創建與添加....................................................................................................247
7.3 項目驗證..........................................................................................................................247
7.4 封裝匹配檢查 ..................................................................................................................248
7.5 更新 PCB 文件（同步原理圖數據）................................................................................249
7.6 PCB 常規參數設置及板框的繪制 ....................................................................................250
7.6.1 PCB 推薦參數設置 ..............................................................................................250
7.6.2 板框的繪制 ..........................................................................................................251
7.7 交互式佈局和模塊化佈局 ................................................................................................252
7.7.1 交互式佈局 ..........................................................................................................252
7.7.2 模塊化佈局 ..........................................................................................................253
7.8 PCB 布線 ........................................................................................................................254
7.8.1 Class 的創建 .......................................................................................................254
7.8.2 布線規則的添加...................................................................................................255
7.8.3 整板模塊短線的連接............................................................................................257
7.8.4 整板走線的連接...................................................................................................258
7.9 PCB 設計後期處理 ..........................................................................................................259
7.9.1 串擾控制..............................................................................................................259
7.9.2 環路最小原則 ......................................................................................................259
7.9.3 走線的開環檢查...................................................................................................260
7.9.4 倒角檢查..............................................................................................................260
7.9.5 孤銅與尖岬銅皮的修正 ........................................................................................261
7.9.6 地過孔的放置 ......................................................................................................261
7.9.7 絲印調整..............................................................................................................262
7.10 DRC 檢查 ......................................................................................................................264
7.11 Gerber 輸出...................................................................................................................264
第 8 章 常見問題及解決方法 .................................................................................................. 265
8.1 原理圖庫製作常見問題....................................................................................................265
8.2 封裝庫製作常見問題 .......................................................................................................267
8.3 原理圖設計常見問題 .......................................................................................................267
8.4 PCB 設計常見問題 ..........................................................................................................273
第9章 Altium 365平臺........................................................................................................... 294
9.1 登錄 Altium 365 平臺.......................................................................................................294
9.2 Altium 365 界面介紹........................................................................................................296
9.3 上傳項目到 Altium 365....................................................................................................297
XII 目錄
9.3.1 上傳本地項目到 Altium 365.................................................................................297
9.3.2 直接在工作區創建項目 ........................................................................................299
9.3.3 控件目是否同步 ...............................................................................................301
9.4 設計項目的協同工作 .......................................................................................................303
9.4.1 邀請工作區成員...................................................................................................303
9.4.2 在軟件端分享項目 ...............................................................................................305
9.4.3 在 Altium 365 平臺分享項目 ................................................................................307
9.5 雲端項目下載編輯並上傳 ................................................................................................308
9.5.1 打開 Altium 365 中的現有項目 ............................................................................308
9.5.2 在 Altium Designer 24 中編輯項目......................................................................309
9.5.3 保存項目並回傳雲端服務器.................................................................................311
9.6 項目審查與評論...............................................................................................................313
9.7 基於雲端的標準元器件庫 ................................................................................................314
9.7.1 元件查找和放置...................................................................................................315
9.7.2 元件創建..............................................................................................................318
9.7.3 元件編輯..............................................................................................................325
9.8 本地元件庫遷移至工作區 ................................................................................................327
附錄 A 幾種圖形匯總 ............................................................................................................... 332
附錄 B Altium Designer 24 快捷鍵 ........................................................................................ 334
XIII
