測控電路設計與應用（第4版）

緒 論 ································································································································.1
第1 章 測控電路概述 ·······································································································.4
1.1 測控系統簡介 ··········································································································.4
1.1.1 測控系統的組成 ······························································································.4
1.1.2 測控系統的設計要求 ························································································.6
1.2 測控電路簡介 ··········································································································.9
1.2.1 測控電路的類型與組成 ·····················································································.9
1.2.2 測控電路的功能 ·····························································································.11
1.2.3 測控電路的設計要求 ·······················································································.11
1.2.4 測控電路的設計流程 ······················································································.12
1.2.5 測控電路的連接匹配 ······················································································.14
1.3 測控電路發展趨勢 ··································································································.16
思考與練習 ··················································································································.17
第2 章 傳感器的接口電路 ······························································································.18
2.1 傳感器技術基礎 ·····································································································.18
2.1.1 傳感器的分類 ·······························································································.18
2.1.2 傳感器的主要特性指標 ···················································································.19
2.1.3 傳感器對接口電路的要求 ················································································.22
2.2 阻性傳感器的接口電路 ····························································································.24
2.2.1 電壓驅動方式 ·······························································································.25
2.2.2 電流驅動方式 ·······························································································.27
2.2.3 振蕩器驅動方式 ····························································································.28
2.3 容性傳感器的接口電路 ····························································································.28
2.4 電壓輸出型傳感器的接口電路 ···················································································.29
2.5 電荷輸出型傳感器的接口電路 ···················································································.30
2.6 電流輸出型傳感器的接口電路 ···················································································.31
2.7 新型傳感器的接口電路 ····························································································.32
2.7.1 ICP 傳感器的接口電路 ····················································································.32
2.7.2 光纖傳感器的接口電路 ···················································································.33
2.7.3 數字輸出型傳感器的接口電路 ··········································································.34
思考與練習 ··················································································································.35

第3 章 信號放大電路 ·····································································································.36
3.1 集成運算放大器基礎知識 ·························································································.36
3.1.1 集成運算放大器的組成 ···················································································.36
3.1.2 集成運算放大器的傳輸特性 ·············································································.38
3.1.3 集成運算放大器主要特性參數 ··········································································.38
3.1.4 集成運算放大器分類 ······················································································.42
3.1.5 集成運算放大器的應用註意事項 ·······································································.43
3.2 集成放大電路基本分析方法 ······················································································.44
3.3 典型測量放大電路 ··································································································.45
3.3.1 反相比例放大電路 ·························································································.45
3.3.2 同相比例放大電路 ·························································································.49
3.3.3 多級交流放大電路 ·························································································.51
3.3.4 低漂移直流放大電路 ······················································································.52
3.3.5 高輸入阻抗放大電路 ······················································································.55
3.3.6 高共模抑制比放大電路 ···················································································.55
3.3.7 可編程增益放大電路 ······················································································.58
3.3.8 隔離放大電路 ·······························································································.61
思考與練習 ··················································································································.64
第4 章 信號的濾波 ········································································································.65
4.1 濾波器的基本知識 ··································································································.65
4.1.1 濾波器的分類 ·······························································································.65
4.1.2 濾波器的主要特性指標 ···················································································.68
4.2 濾波器特性的逼近 ··································································································.68
4.2.1 巴特沃思逼近 ·······························································································.69
4.2.2 切比雪夫逼近 ·······························································································.70
4.2.3 貝塞爾逼近 ··································································································.71
4.3 常用濾波電路結構 ··································································································.72
4.3.1 一階濾波電路 ·······························································································.72
4.3.2 二階濾波電路 ·······························································································.76
4.4 有源濾波器的設計 ··································································································.80
4.4.1 公式設計法 ··································································································.80
4.4.2 計算機輔助設計法 ·························································································.84
4.5 集成濾波器 ···········································································································.87
4.5.1 開關電容濾波器的原理 ···················································································.87
4.5.2 集成濾波器介紹 ····························································································.88
思考與練習 ··················································································································.90
第5 章 信號運算電路 ·····································································································.91
5.1 差分運算電路 ········································································································.91
5.2 加法運算電路 ········································································································.92
5.3 減法運算電路 ········································································································.93
5.4 積分運算電路和微分運算電路 ···················································································.94
5.5 對數運算電路和反對數運算電路 ················································································.96
5.6 由模擬乘法器組成的運算電路 ···················································································.97
5.7 信號運算電路的典型應用 ························································································.102
思考與練習 ·················································································································.108
第6 章 信號轉換電路 ····································································································.109
6.1 采樣/保持電路 ·······································································································.109
6.2 電壓比較電路 ·······································································································.113
6.2.1 過零比較器 ·································································································.114
6.2.2 單限比較器 ·································································································.114
6.2.3 滯回比較器 ·································································································.115
6.2.4 雙限比較器 ·································································································.116
6.3 電壓/頻率轉換電路和頻率/電壓轉換電路 ·····································································.117
6.4 電流/電壓轉換電路和電壓/電流轉換電路 ·····································································.120
6.5 波形轉換電路 ·······································································································.123
6.6 模/數轉換電路和數/模轉換電路 ·················································································.124
6.6.1 模/數轉換電路 ·····························································································.124
6.6.2 數/模轉換電路 ·····························································································.127
思考與練習 ·················································································································.129
第7 章 信號調制解調電路 ·····························································································.130
7.1 調制解調的功用與類型 ···························································································.130
7.2 調幅式測量電路 ····································································································.130
7.2.1 調幅原理與方法 ···························································································.130
7.2.2 檢波電路 ····································································································.135
7.3 調頻式測量電路 ····································································································.146
7.3.1 調頻原理和方法 ···························································································.146
7.3.2 鑒頻電路 ····································································································.148
7.4 調相式測量電路 ····································································································.153
7.4.1 調相原理與方法 ···························································································.153
7.4.2 鑒相電路 ····································································································.155
7.5 脈沖調制式測量電路 ······························································································.157
7.5.1 脈沖調寬原理與方法 ·····················································································.158
7.5.2 脈沖寬度調制典型電路 ··················································································.159
思考與練習 ·················································································································.161
第8 章 振蕩電路與信號源 ·····························································································.162
8.1 振蕩電路的作用和分類 ···························································································.162
8.2 正弦波振蕩電路 ····································································································.163
8.2.1 正弦波振蕩電路的工作原理 ············································································.163
8.2.2 電阻-電容串並聯電路的選頻特性 ·····································································.165
8.2.3 文氏電橋振蕩電路 ························································································.166
8.3 非正弦波振蕩電路 ·································································································.167
8.4 晶體振蕩電路 ·······································································································.169
8.5 集成波形發生器 ····································································································.170
思考與練習 ·················································································································.173

第9 章 測控電路的抗幹擾措施 ······················································································.174
9.1 幹擾源概述 ··········································································································.174
9.1.1 幹擾信號與噪聲的定義 ··················································································.175
9.1.2 噪聲的耦合方式 ···························································································.175
9.2 幹擾抑制技術 ·······································································································.177
9.2.1 屏蔽技術 ····································································································.177
9.2.2 接地技術 ····································································································.179
9.2.3 隔離技術 ····································································································.180
9.2.4 其他幹擾抑制技術 ························································································.181
9.3 電源的幹擾抑制 ····································································································.182
9.3.1 電網幹擾抑制措施 ························································································.183
9.3.2 電源穩定凈化技術 ························································································.183
思考與練習 ·················································································································.185
第10 章 存儲測試電路 ··································································································.186
10.1 存儲測試電路的設計原則 ·······················································································.186
10.2 存儲測試電路模塊設計 ··························································································.188
思考與練習 ·················································································································.192
第11 章 執行器驅動電路 ·······························································································.193
11.1 繼電器驅動電路 ···································································································.193
11.2 直流電動機驅動電路 ·····························································································.198
11.3 步進電動機驅動電路 ·····························································································.203
思考與練習 ·················································································································.208
第12 章 測控電路設計實例 ···························································································.209
12.1 爆炸沖擊波超壓測試系統 ·······················································································.209
12.2 瞬態高溫測量及校準儀 ··························································································.216
12.2.1 藍寶石光纖瞬態表面高溫儀 ···········································································.216
12.2.2 瞬態表面溫度傳感器動態校準儀 ·····································································.218
12.3 運動物體速度測試儀 ·····························································································.221
12.3.1 創傷彈道研究專用激光測速系統 ·····································································.222
12.3.2 通過光幕原向反射觸發信號源測速 ··································································.226
12.4 抗高過載多通道采集存儲系統 ·················································································.229
12.5 侵徹過載測試系統 ································································································.235
參考文獻 ·························································································································.240