電子元器件識別檢測與焊接（第2版）

第1 章 萬用表的使用·····································································.1
1.1 指針式萬用表······································································.1
1.1.1 指針式萬用表的結構······················································.1
1.1.2 指針式萬用表的使用前準備和註意事項·······························.3
1.1.3 指針式萬用表電阻擋的使用方法········································.3
1.1.4 指針式萬用表電壓擋的使用方法········································.5
1.1.5 指針式萬用表電流擋的使用方法········································.7
1.2 數字萬用表·········································································.8
1.2.1 數字萬用表的結構和工作原理···········································.8
1.2.2 DT-9205A 數字萬用表的使用方法······································.9
1.2.3 DT-9205A 數字萬用表的使用註意事項································.11
1.3 技能訓練—萬用表的使用····················································.11
實訓1 指針式萬用表的使用···················································.11
實訓2 數字萬用表的使用······················································.13
第2 章 電阻器的識別與檢測····························································.15
2.1 電阻器的感性認識·······························································.15
2.1.1 常見電阻器的外形························································.15
2.1.2 印制電路板上的電阻器··················································.16
2.2 電阻器的分類、型號命名方法及主要參數··································.16
2.2.1 電阻器的分類······························································.16
2.2.2 電阻器的型號命名方法··················································.18
2.2.3 電阻器的主要參數························································.19
2.3 電阻的標註方法··································································.25
2.4 固定電阻器的檢測與代換······················································.27
2.4.1 固定電阻器的檢測方法··················································.27
2.4.2 固定電阻器的修復與代換···············································.28
2.5 電位器·············································································.29
2.5.1 電位器的作用和分類·····················································.29
2.5.2 常用電位器介紹···························································.30
2.5.3 電位器的選用和質量檢測···············································.34
2.5.4 電位器的修復······························································.36
2.6 技能訓練—用萬用表測量電阻··············································.37
第3 章 電容器的識別與檢測····························································.39
3.1 電容器的感性認識·······························································.39
3.1.1 印制電路板上的電容器··················································.39
3.1.2 常見電容器的外形························································.40
3.2 電容器的電容量及單位·························································.42
3.3 電容器的作用及電路符號······················································.43
3.3.1 電容器的作用······························································.43
3.3.2 電容器的電路符號························································.43
3.4 電容器的型號命名方法·························································.43
3.5 電容器的主要參數·······························································.44
3.6 電容器的分類·····································································.46
3.7 常用電容器介紹··································································.46
3.7.1 電解電容器·································································.46
3.7.2 固體有機介質電容器·····················································.47
3.7.3 固體無機介質電容器·····················································.48
3.7.4 可變電容器·································································.49
3.7.5 微調電容器·································································.50
3.8 電容器的選用、代換、檢測與修復···········································.51
3.8.1 電容器的選用······························································.51
3.8.2 電容器的代換······························································.52
3.8.3 電容器的檢測······························································.52
3.8.4 電容器的修復······························································.53
3.9 技能訓練—電容器的識別與檢測···········································.53
實訓1 電容器的直觀識別······················································.53
實訓2 電容器的質量檢測······················································.54
第4 章 電感器的識別與檢測····························································.56
4.1 電感器的感性認識·······························································.56
4.1.1 印制電路板上的電感器··················································.56
4.1.2 常見電感器的外形························································.57
4.2 電感器的定義、分類及電路符號··············································.58
4.2.1 電感器的定義······························································.58
4.2.2 電感器的分類······························································.58
4.2.3 電感器的電路符號························································.58
4.3 電感器的主要參數·······························································.58
4.4 電感器的分類和特點····························································.60
4.4.1 單層空心線圈······························································.60
4.4.2 多層線圈····································································.60
4.4.3 蜂房式線圈·································································.60
4.4.4 磁芯線圈····································································.61
4.4.5 扼流線圈····································································.61
4.4.6 脫胎空心線圈······························································.61
4.5 小型固定電感器的標識方法···················································.62
4.6 電感器的應用·····································································.63
4.7 電感器的檢測與代換····························································.64
4.7.1 電感器的檢測······························································.64
4.7.2 電感器的代換······························································.65
4.8 變壓器·············································································.65
4.8.1 變壓器的概述······························································.65
4.8.2 變壓器的分類······························································.66
4.8.3 變壓器的基本結構························································.68
4.8.4 變壓器的參數······························································.69
4.8.5 變壓器的參數檢測························································.69
4.8.6 常用變壓器介紹···························································.71
4.8.7 變壓器的選用與代換·····················································.74
4.8.8 電源變壓器的檢測························································.74
4.8.9 行輸出變壓器的檢測·····················································.75
4.9 技能訓練—電感器、變壓器的識別與檢測································.76
實訓1 電感器的直觀識別······················································.76
實訓2 電感器的質量檢測及變壓器一次、二次繞組的判別··············.76
第5 章 二極管的識別與檢測····························································.78
5.1 二極管的感性認識·······························································.78
5.1.1 常見二極管的外形························································.78
5.1.2 印制電路板上的二極管··················································.79
5.2 二極管的電路符號·······························································.79
5.3 國產二極管的型號命名方法···················································.80
5.4 二極管的分類·····································································.80
5.4.1 按PN 結構造分類·························································.80
5.4.2 按用途分類·································································.82
5.5 二極管的主要參數·······························································.85
5.6 二極管的特性與應用····························································.86
5.7 二極管的識別、檢測與代換···················································.87
5.7.1 二極管的識別與檢測·····················································.87
5.7.2 二極管的選用與代換·····················································.89
5.8 技能訓練—二極管的識別與檢測···········································.91
第6 章 三極管的識別與檢測····························································.93
6.1 三極管的感性認識·······························································.93
6.1.1 印制電路板上的三極管··················································.93
6.1.2 常見三極管的外形························································.93
6.2 三極管的結構與電路符號······················································.94
6.2.1 三極管的結構······························································.94
6.2.2 三極管的電路符號························································.95
6.3 三極管的分類·····································································.95
6.4 國產三極管的型號命名方法···················································.96
6.5 三極管在電路中的工作狀態···················································.97
6.6 三極管的作用·····································································.97
6.7 三極管的識別·····································································.98
6.7.1 三極管電極的直觀識別··················································.98
6.7.2 用指針式萬用表判別三極管電極·······································.98
6.7.3 用指針式萬用表測量三極管放大倍數·································.99
6.7.4 用數字萬用表判別三極管電極··········································.99
6.7.5 三極管的質量檢測························································.99
6.8 三極管的選用與代換··························································.101
6.8.1 三極管的選用····························································.101
6.8.2 三極管的代換····························································.103
6.9 技能訓練—三極管的識別與檢測·········································.104
第7 章 晶閘管的識別與檢測··························································.106
7.1 晶閘管的感性認識·····························································.106
7.1.1 印制電路板上的晶閘管················································.106
7.1.2 常見晶閘管的外形······················································.106
7.2 晶閘管的概念和結構··························································.107
7.3 晶閘管的工作特性·····························································.107
7.4 晶閘管的分類···································································.108
7.5 單向晶閘管和雙向晶閘管····················································.108
7.5.1 單向晶閘管的外形······················································.108
7.5.2 用指針式萬用表判別單向晶閘管·····································.109
7.5.3 雙向晶閘管的結構和電路符號········································.109
7.5.4 用指針式萬用表判別雙向晶閘管·······································110
7.6 晶閘管的選用及代換····························································111
7.6.1 晶閘管的選用······························································111
7.6.2 晶閘管的代換······························································112
7.7 技能訓練—晶閘管的識別與檢測···········································112
第8 章 場效應管的識別與檢測·························································115
8.1 場效應管的感性認識····························································115
8.1.1 印制電路板上的場效應管···············································115
8.1.2 常見場效應管的外形·····················································115
8.2 場效應管的概念、特點和分類·················································116
8.2.1 場效應管的概念···························································116
8.2.2 場效應管的特點和分類··················································116
8.3 結型場效應管·····································································116
8.3.1 結型場效應管的結構和電路符號·······································116
8.3.2 結型場效應管的工作原理···············································117
8.4 絕緣柵場效應管··································································117
8.4.1 N 溝道增強型絕緣柵場效應管··········································117
8.4.2 N 溝道耗盡型絕緣柵場效應管··········································118
8.5 場效應管的主要參數····························································118
8.6 場效應管的特點··································································119
8.7 場效應管的型號命名方法······················································119
8.8 場效應管的作用································································.120
8.9 場效應管的應用································································.120
8.10 場效應管的檢測和使用······················································.121
8.10.1 用指針式萬用表檢測場效應管······································.121
8.10.2 場效應管的使用註意事項············································.123
8.10.3 VMOS 場效應管的檢測與使用······································.123
8.11 技能訓練—場效應管的識別與檢測·····································.125
第9 章 集成穩壓器的識別與檢測····················································.128
9.1 集成穩壓器的感性認識·······················································.128
9.2 78××系列集成穩壓器··························································.128
9.2.1 78××系列集成穩壓器的性能特點·····································.128
9.2.2 78××系列集成穩壓器的檢測方法·····································.129
9.3 79××系列集成穩壓器··························································.130
9.3.1 79××系列集成穩壓器的性能特點·····································.130
9.3.2 79××系列集成穩壓器的檢測方法·····································.130
9.4 三端可調集成穩壓器··························································.131
9.4.1 三端可調集成穩壓器的分類和性能特點····························.131
9.4.2 三端可調集成穩壓器的外形···········································.131
9.4.3 三端可調集成穩壓器的基本應用電路·······························.132
9.4.4 三端可調集成穩壓器的檢測方法·····································.132
9.5 技能訓練—集成穩壓器的應用············································.133
第10 章 集成電路的識別與檢測·····················································.136
10.1 集成電路的感性認識·························································.136
10.1.1 集成電路的封裝形式··················································.136
10.1.2 印制電路板上的集成電路············································.136
10.2 集成電路的基本知識·························································.137
10.2.1 集成電路的分類························································.137
10.2.2 集成電路的型號························································.138
10.2.3 集成電路的封裝························································.138
10.2.4 集成電路的使用························································.144
10.3 集成電路的選用、代換與檢測·············································.145
10.3.1 集成電路的選用與代換···············································.145
10.3.2 集成電路的檢測························································.146
10.4 技能訓練—集成電路的識別與檢測·····································.148
第11 章 焊接訓練·······································································.150
11.1 焊接材料·······································································.150
11.1.1 焊料······································································.150
11.1.2 助焊劑···································································.151
11.1.3 阻焊劑···································································.152
11.2 手工焊接技術·································································.153
11.2.1 焊接操作姿勢與註意事項············································.153
11.2.2 手工焊接的要求························································.154
11.2.3 五步操作法·····························································.156
11.2.4 手工焊接的操作要領··················································.157
11.3 實用焊接技術·································································.159
11.3.1 印制電路板的焊接·····················································.159
11.3.2 導線的焊接·····························································.160
11.3.3 易損電子元器件的焊接···············································.161
11.4 焊接質量的檢查······························································.162
11.4.1 焊點缺陷及質量分析··················································.162
11.4.2 直觀檢查································································.165
11.4.3 手觸檢查································································.166
11.4.4 通電檢查································································.166
11.5 拆焊·············································································.166
11.6 技能訓練—焊接與拆焊···················································.168
實訓1 電烙鐵的使用··························································.168
實訓2 焊接大頭針·····························································.169
實訓3 焊點練習································································.170
實訓4 導線焊接································································.170
實訓5 焊接練習································································.171
實訓6 銅絲造型焊接··························································.172
實訓7 焊接電子元器件·······················································.173
實訓8 焊接實用電路（電子產品） ·········································.173
實訓9 檢測與評價焊點質量·················································.174
實訓10 裝焊技術綜合訓練（焊接考核） ·································.174
實訓11 調光臺燈電路的制作與調試·······································.176
附錄A 電子元器件識別與檢測技能··················································.179
綜合訓練1 電阻器的識別與檢測················································.179
綜合訓練2 電容器的識別與檢測················································.186
綜合訓練3 電感器、變壓器的識別與檢測·····································.192
綜合訓練4 半導體器件的識別與檢測··········································.197
參考文獻······················································································211