面向工業軟件的數字工程與基於模型的系統工程

目 錄
第 1 章 工業軟件···············································································································1
1.1 工業軟件的發展歷程··································································································1
1.1.1 工業軟件的源頭 ·······························································································1
1.1.2 工業軟件的發展動力 ·························································································3
1.1.3 工業軟件的歷史節點與重要事件··········································································5
1.2 工業軟件的定義與分類·······························································································8
1.2.1 軟件與軟件定義 ·······························································································8
1.2.2 工業軟件的定義 ·······························································································9
1.2.3 工業軟件的分類 ····························································································.10
1.3 工業軟件的基石·····································································································.12
1.3.1 數學是工業軟件的理論基礎·············································································.12
1.3.2 物理是工業軟件的原理機理·············································································.15
1.3.3 電腦是工業軟件的先進算力··········································································.16
1.3.4 工程學是工業軟件的工程底色··········································································.19
1.4 國外工業軟件········································································································.20
1.4.1 國外工業軟件格局 ·························································································.20
1.4.2 北美工業軟件態勢 ·························································································.21
1.4.3 日歐工業軟件態勢 ·························································································.22
1.4.4 國外工業軟件“卡脖子”················································································.23
1.5 國內工業軟件········································································································.23
1.5.1 國內工業軟件格局 ·························································································.24
1.5.2 國內工業軟件態勢 ·························································································.25
1.5.3 國內工業軟件發展戰略···················································································.26
1.6 工業軟件的未來·····································································································.27
1.6.1 全球工業軟件的發展趨勢················································································.27
1.6.2 國內工業軟件的發展重點················································································.28
1.6.3 工業軟件新引擎是大語言模型··········································································.28
1.6.4 工業軟件主戰場是基於模型的系統工程······························································.30
1.6.5 工業軟件主場景是數字工程·············································································.31
1.7 本章小結 ··············································································································.33
1.8 本章習題 ··············································································································.33
參考文獻·····················································································································.33
第 2 章 數字工程············································································································.35
2.1 面向工業軟件的數字工程·························································································.35
2.1.1 數字工程的實質 ····························································································.35
2.1.2 數字工程的定義 ····························································································.35
2.1.3 數字工程的內涵 ····························································································.35
2.2 數字工程全球發展態勢····························································································.36
2.2.1 中國的數字工程 ····························································································.36
2.2.2 歐洲的數字工程 ····························································································.38
2.2.3 美國的數字工程 ····························································································.39
2.3 數字工程的背景·····································································································.40
2.4 數字工程的目的·····································································································.41
2.5 數字工程的構想·····································································································.41
2.6 數字工程的戰略·····································································································.42
2.7 數字工程的目標和重點領域······················································································.43
2.7.1 目標 1：正規化模型的開發、集成和使用，為企業和項目決策提供信息 ····················.43
2.7.2 目標 2：提供持久且權威的真相來源··································································.44
2.7.3 目標 3：融入技術創新，提升工程實踐·······························································.46
2.7.4 目標 4：建立支持性基礎設施和環境，以促進利益相關者之間的互動、協作和溝通 ·····.47
2.7.5 目標 5：轉變文化和勞動力，以採用和支持整個生命周期的數字工程 ·······················.50
2.8 本章小結 ··············································································································.52
2.9 本章習題 ··············································································································.52
參考文獻·····················································································································.52
第 3 章 基於模型的系統工程··························································································.53
3.1 MBSE 是數字工程的基礎和核心················································································.53
3.1.1 MBSE 以模型為核心載體，變革數字工程···························································.53
3.1.2 MBSE 集成融通多學科，提升數字工程······························································.53
3.1.3 MBSE 以數據驅動模型，賦能數字工程······························································.53
3.2 MBSE 的定義與發展歷程 ·························································································.54
3.2.1 MBSE 的定義 ·······························································································.54
3.2.2 MBSE 的發展歷程 ························································································.56
3.3 MBSE 方法論 ········································································································.57
3.4 主要 MBSE 方法論 ·································································································.59
3.4.1 RePoSyD ·····································································································.59
3.4.2 OOSEM·······································································································.61
3.4.3 SA ·············································································································.63
3.4.4 ISE＆PPOOA ································································································.64
3.4.5 Vitech MBSE 方法論·······················································································.66
3.4.6 OPM···········································································································.67
3.4.7 Harmony-SE ·································································································.69
3.4.8 ARCADIA ···································································································.70
3.4.9 SYSMOD·····································································································.72
3.4.10 MagicGrid ··································································································.74
3.5 本章小結 ··············································································································.75
3.6 本章習題 ··············································································································.75
參考文獻·····················································································································.76
第 4 章 MBSE 數據互操作性規範——流程用例和數據交換標準 ·····································.77
4.1 產業與技術概覽·····································································································.79
4.1.1 A＆D 行業的商業現實·····················································································.79
4.1.2 項目概述、假設和共同的 MBSE 願景 ································································.79
4.1.3 供應商——協作、多種能力和語言 ····································································.80
4.2 MBSE 數據互操作規範 ····························································································.80
4.2.1 架構建模選項及其比較···················································································.83
4.2.2 SysML 圖類型 ······························································································.83
4.2.3 ARCADIA 圖類型··························································································.84
4.3 MBSE 用例 ···········································································································.85
4.3.1 整體 MBSE 過程 ···························································································.85
4.3.2 用例 1：SoS 和將功能接口轉換為邏輯系統（UC1） ·············································.86
4.3.3 用例 2：定義系統操作場景（UC2） ··································································.87
4.3.4 用例 3：定義系統規範包（UC3） ·····································································.88
4.3.5 用例 4：預先安排驗證和驗證流程並共同開發行為模型（UC4）······························.90
4.3.6 用例 5：導出硬件/軟件功能規範（UC5） ···························································.91
4.3.7 互操作性關鍵圖類型的用例摘要·······································································.92
4.4 MBSE 互操作性解決方案評估···················································································.93
4.4.1 互操作性選項 ·······························································································.93
4.4.2 第三方能力的探索 ·························································································.93
4.5 本章小結 ··············································································································.95
4.5.1 MBSE 數據互操作性——替代方案和臨時解決方案 ···············································.96
4.5.2 MBSE 數據互操作性——觀察和問題 ·································································.96
4.5.3 前進計劃 ·····································································································.97
4.6 本章習題 ··············································································································.98
參考文獻·····················································································································.98
第 5 章 系統建模語言·····································································································100
5.1 SysML 概述 ··········································································································100
5.2 SysML 需求建模 ····································································································102
5.2.1 概述 ···········································································································102
5.2.2 圖形元素 ·····································································································103
5.2.3 使用示例 ·····································································································105
5.3 SysML 行為建模 ····································································································108
5.3.1 活動圖 ········································································································108
5.3.2 交互圖 ········································································································115
5.3.3 狀態機圖 ·····································································································121
5.3.4 用例圖 ········································································································124
5.4 SysML 結構及接口建模 ···························································································128
5.4.1 塊定義圖 ·····································································································128
5.4.2 埠和流 ·····································································································142
5.5 SysML 指標參數建模（約束塊） ···············································································155
5.6 本章小結 ··············································································································158
5.7 本章習題 ··············································································································158
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第 6 章 SysML 建模工具開發技術··················································································160
6.1 需求模型開發技術··································································································162
6.1.1 需求變更 ·····································································································162
6.1.2 SysML 需求關系追溯 ·····················································································163
6.2 工具化開發技術·····································································································165
6.2.1 Stereotype 建模技術·······················································································165
6.2.2 鷹眼（Eagle eye） ·························································································167
6.2.3 佈局布線 ·····································································································170
6.3 工具可視化特定技術·······························································································181
6.3.1 基於 QCustomPlot 的可視化 ·············································································181
6.3.2 基於 QMouseEvent 的交互操作 ·········································································183
6.4 本章小結 ··············································································································184
6.5 本章習題 ··············································································································184
參考文獻·····················································································································184
第 7 章 SysML 行為模擬技術·························································································186
7.1 SysML 活動圖模擬 ·································································································187
7.1.1 活動圖模擬目的 ····························································································187
7.1.2 活動圖模擬執行 ····························································································188
7.2 fUML 抽象語法······································································································189
7.2.1 概述 ···········································································································189
7.2.2 語法包（Syntax Packages）··············································································191
7.2.3 通用結構（Common Structure） ········································································193
7.2.4 值（Values） ································································································195
7.2.5 分類（Classification） ····················································································196
7.2.6 簡單分類器（Simple Classifiers） ······································································200
7.2.7 結構化分類器（StructuredClassifiers）································································202
7.2.8 包（Packages）·····························································································204
7.2.9 通用行為（Common Behavior） ········································································205
7.2.10 活動（Activities）························································································207
7.2.11 動作（Action） ···························································································211
7.3 fUML 執行模型······································································································218
7.3.1 fUML 執行模型的核心概念··············································································219
7.3.2 fUML 執行模型的語義、結構、慣例 ·································································219
7.3.3 fUML 執行模型語義包····················································································221
7.4 fUML 基礎模型庫···································································································221
7.4.1 一般情況（General）······················································································221
7.4.2 基本類型（Primitive Types）············································································221
7.4.3 基本行為（Primitive Behaviors）·······································································222
7.4.4 通用（Common）··························································································228
7.4.5 基本輸入/輸出（Basic Input/Output） ·································································229
7.5 fUML 基本語義······································································································236
7.5.1 設計準則 ·····································································································236
7.5.2 慣例 ···········································································································236
7.5.3 結構與行為 ··································································································237
7.6 本章小結 ··············································································································237
7.7 本章習題 ··············································································································238
參考文獻·····················································································································238
第 8 章 SysML 的規則定義及自動語法校驗····································································239
8.1 對象約束語言描述··································································································239
8.2 OCL 抽象語法 ·······································································································240
8.2.1 Types 包 ······································································································240
8.2.2 Expressions 包（表達式包）·············································································243
8.3 OCL 具體語法 ·······································································································248
8.4 OCL 約束與編譯 ····································································································250
8.5 本章小結 ··············································································································252
8.6 本章習題 ··············································································································252
參考文獻·····················································································································253
第 9 章 MBSE 實踐········································································································254
9.1 基於模型的虛擬時間綜合技術···················································································254
9.1.1 MBSE 實現的技術挑戰 ···················································································254
9.1.2 基於模型的虛擬時間綜合················································································255
9.2 國產自主的虛擬時間綜合軟件平臺·············································································255
9.2.1 軟件概述 ·····································································································255
9.2.2 設計目標 ·····································································································255
9.2.3 軟件功能 ·····································································································257
9.2.4 軟件應用場景 ·······························································································262
9.3 操作實踐 ··············································································································263
9.3.1 虛擬系統功能架構建模···················································································263
9.3.2 虛擬系統動態行為建模···················································································264
9.3.3 虛擬綜合分佈式模擬 ······················································································265
9.3.4 虛擬模擬數據分析 ·························································································266
9.4 本章小結 ··············································································································266
9.5 本章習題 ··············································································································266