Climate Resilient Innovative Livelihoods in Indian Sundarban Delta: Scopes and Challenges

本書涵蓋了幾種基於紅樹林植物資源的創新替代生計，並對其進行了相應的SWOT分析。印度蘇丹班的真正紅樹林植物及其相關物種以其廣泛的生態系統服務而聞名，其中該地區的生計是最重要的組成部分之一。許多以紅樹林為中心的替代生計正在啟動中。然而，由於市場行銷的困難以及對自然資源所有權的缺乏明確性，基於紅樹林的產品價值尚未得到充分實現。印度蘇丹班的幾類自然資源，如牡蠣、海藻、藥用紅樹林植物、富含維他命的紅樹林水果等，仍然未被開發。這些未開發的資源已與蘇丹班人民的生計部門結合，並以健全的商業模式支持，以使這些事業可持續發展。與這些生計相關的碳足跡已進行詳細研究，並提出了實現淨零碳生計計劃的步驟及其可持續性。本書向讀者介紹了幾項基於紅樹林的前沿研究和技術，這些研究和技術在氣候韌性生計領域中，如果得以實施，將有助於該地區的食品和經濟安全。

Dr. Abhijit Mitra, Associate Professor and former Head, Dept. of Marine Science, University of Calcutta (INDIA) has been active in the sphere of Oceanography since 1985. He obtained his Ph.D as NET qualified scholar in 1994. Since then, he joined Calcutta Port Trust and WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature-India), in various capacities to carry out research programmes on environmental science, biodiversity conservation, climate change and carbon sequestration. Presently Dr. Mitra is serving as the Director, Research of Techno India University, West Bengal (Hony.). He has to his credit about 688 scientific publications in various National and International journals, and 60 books of postgraduate standards. Dr. Mitra is presently the member of several committees like PACON International, IUCN, SIOS, Mangrove Society of India, The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences etc. and has successfully completed about 17 projects and 19 consultancies on biodiversity loss infishery sector, coastal pollution, aquaculture, alternative livelihood, climate change and carbon sequestration. Dr. Mitra also visited as faculty member and invited speaker in several Universities of Singapore, Kenya, Oman and USA. In 2008 Dr. Mitra was invited as visiting fellow at University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth, USA to deliver a series of lecture on Climate Change. Dr. Mitra also successfully guided 54 Ph.D. students. Presently his research areas include environmental science, mangrove ecology, sustainable aquaculture, alternative livelihood, climate science, carbon sequestration and blue economy.

Dr. Sufia Zaman, presently serving as Head, Department of Oceanography in Techno India University, West Bengal started her career in the field of Marine Science since 2001. She worked in the rigorous mangrove ecosystem of Indian Sundarbans and has wide range of experience in exploring the floral and faunal diversities of Sundarbans. She has published 6 books on carbon sequestration, 310 scientific papers and contributed chapters in several books on biodiversity, environmental science, aquaculture, and livelihood development. Dr. Zaman is presently a member of Fisheries Society of India. She is also running projects on carbon sequestration by mangroves of Indian Sundarbans. She is the recipient of DST Women Scientist and Jawaharlal Memorial Doctoral fellowship awards. Her areas of research include aquaculture, fish nutrition, phytoplankton diversity, climate change mangrove ecology and alternative livelihood. Dr. Zaman is also the first researcher in the maritime state of West Bengal (India), who initiated trial experiments on iron fertilization and subsequent enhancement of primary (phytoplankton) and secondary (fish) productions in the brackish water ponds of Indian Sundarbans with the financial assistance of Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. Dr. Zaman is also providing consultancies on green technology and emission control to several industries, NGOs, and corporate sectors.

Dr. Prosenjit Pramanick is presently holding the position of Post-Doctoral Researcher, Department of Oceanography, Techno India University, West Bengal. He had passed Bachelor of Science in Biochemistry in 2010 from University of Calcutta, West Bengal, and Master of Science in Biochemistry (in 2012) from Vidyasagar University, West Bengal and then obtained his Ph.D. degree in 2017 from Techno India University, West Bengal. He has to his credit about 113 scientific publications, 23 book chapters published by Springer International, Emerald Group, CSIR-NISCAIR, 2 Books, and 18 publications in conference proceedings in the sphere of Food technology, Aquaculture, Agribiotechnology, Alternative livelihood and Environmental Science. He has participated in various National and International conferences, seminars, workshops and webinars. He also served as an Associate Editor in an Inter-continental Webinar Proceedings on "Ecosystem Services and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG)" entitled "Natural Resources and their Ecosystem Services". He has expertise in water quality assessment (in situ and ex situ), food product preparation from mangrove floral species and carbon sequestration. He has served in several consultancy services on the carbon sequestration and Biodiversity assessment conducted by Konnagar Municipality, Government of West Bengal, Kingston Educational Institute, Forest Department, Government of West Bengal, TATA STEEL Ltd. Kalinganagar, Odisha, India, TATA STEEL Ltd. Noamundi Mines, Jharkhand, India and several coal-based power sectors. He also rendered his technological expertise as Research Associate in a project on innovative fish feed conducted by the Directorate of Fishery, Government of West Bengal.

Dr. Abhijit Mitra，印度加爾各答大學海洋科學系副教授及前系主任，自1985年以來一直活躍於海洋學領域。他於1994年獲得博士學位，並成為NET合格學者。此後，他加入加爾各答港信託和世界自然基金會（WWF-印度），以不同身份進行環境科學、生物多樣性保護、氣候變遷和碳封存的研究計劃。目前，Mitra博士擔任西孟加拉邦Techno India University的研究主任。他在各類國內外期刊上發表了約688篇科學論文，並出版了60本研究生標準的書籍。Mitra博士目前是多個委員會的成員，如PACON International、IUCN、SIOS、印度紅樹林協會、西孟加拉國立法學大學等，並成功完成了約17個項目和19個有關漁業生物多樣性喪失、沿海污染、水產養殖、替代生計、氣候變遷和碳封存的諮詢。Mitra博士還曾作為教職員和受邀演講者，訪問新加坡、肯尼亞、阿曼和美國的多所大學。2008年，Mitra博士受邀作為訪問學者在美國達特茅斯的馬薩諸塞大學進行一系列有關氣候變遷的講座。Mitra博士成功指導了54名博士生。目前他的研究領域包括環境科學、紅樹林生態學、可持續水產養殖、替代生計、氣候科學、碳封存和藍色經濟。

Dr. Sufia Zaman目前擔任西孟加拉邦Techno India University海洋學系主任，自2001年以來開始了她的海洋科學職業生涯。她在印度蘇丹班的嚴苛紅樹林生態系統中工作，並在探索蘇丹班的植物和動物多樣性方面擁有廣泛的經驗。她出版了6本有關碳封存的書籍，發表了310篇科學論文，並在多本有關生物多樣性、環境科學、水產養殖和生計發展的書籍中貢獻了章節。Zaman博士目前是印度漁業學會的成員。她還在進行有關印度蘇丹班紅樹林碳封存的項目。她是DST女性科學家獎和賈瓦哈拉爾紀念博士獎的獲得者。她的研究領域包括水產養殖、魚類營養、浮游植物多樣性、氣候變遷、紅樹林生態學和替代生計。Zaman博士也是西孟加拉邦（印度）首位在海洋州進行鐵肥料試驗的研究者，並在印度蘇丹班的鹹水池中進行初級（浮游植物）和次級（魚類）生產的增強，該項目得到了印度科學技術部的資助。Zaman博士還為多個行業、非政府組織和企業提供有關綠色技術和排放控制的諮詢。

Dr. Prosenjit Pramanick目前擔任西孟加拉邦Techno India University海洋學系的博士後研究員。他於2010年在加爾各答大學獲得生物化學學士學位，2012年在維迪亞薩加大學獲得生物化學碩士學位，並於2017年在西孟加拉邦Techno India University獲得博士學位。他在食品技術、水產養殖、農業生物技術、替代生計和環境科學領域發表了約113篇科學論文，出版了23篇由Springer International、Emerald Group、CSIR-NISCAIR出版的書籍章節，並發表了2本書和18篇會議論文。他參加了各類國內外會議、研討會、工作坊和網絡研討會。他還擔任了一個跨洲網絡研討會的副編輯。