Open GIS (開放地理資訊系統)

本書提供了關於近期在開放地理資訊系統（Open GIS）領域的最新進展的全面介紹，包括開放地理資訊系統數據、服務、軟體及GIS程式設計的函式庫。儘管GIS軟體已隨著開源軟體的興起進入開放地理資訊系統的時代，但目前尚無適合GIS教育工作者用來教導下一代的書籍，也缺乏讓專業人士深入了解開放地理資訊系統技術和工具包的資源。本書旨在為地理空間領域的學生、教育者和專業人士提供這一缺失的指導，幫助他們快速找到、學習和使用各種開源數據、工具及程式設計，以應用於地理空間相關的應用程式。

本書首先介紹開放數據，並討論數據管理解決方案，包括開源關聯數據庫和用於大數據的NoSQL數據庫系統。接著，本書涵蓋了不同的GIS和遙感軟體、工具及程式設計函式庫，以執行空間統計和分析。讀者將學習到用於桌面和網頁GIS開發的工具和函式庫，適用於二維（2D）和三維（3D）地圖製作及可視化。最後，本書提供了兩個開放地理資訊系統應用的範例，包括公共衛生和自然災害。在每一章的結尾，還包含了實用的動手練習，幫助讀者充分掌握本章介紹的最受歡迎的開放地理資訊系統技術。

Dr Jizhe Xia is an associate professor in the Department of Urban Informatics at Shenzhen University, China. He received his Ph.D. degree in earth systems and geoinformation sciences from George Mason University, in 2015. From 2015 to 2017, he was a Research Assistant Professor with the National Science Foundation (NSF) Spatiotemporal Invitation Center. His research interests include spatiotemporal data structure, spatiotemporal optimization, open-source GIS and their applications in smart city. He published over 60 articles with over 1200 citations. He is the PI of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NFSC) project, National Key R&D Program of China programs sub-project and has received over 4 million RMB research funding since 2017. Dr. Xia teaches courses including: (1) Open-source GIS (undergrade level); Open data, software and computing (graduate level), (2) WebGIS, (3) Data science and data mining, (4) Big Data GIS, and (5) Spatial visualization. In 2019, he receivedthe second prize of GIS teaching competition of China. His teaching experiences are highly relevant to the scope of the proposed book.

Dr. Qunying Huang is an associate professor in the Department of Geography at University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-Madison). She holds a B.S. from Central South University (2004), M.S. from Peking University (2007) and Ph.D. from George Mason University (2011). Her fields of expertise include Spatial Big Data Analytics and Fusion, Spatial Data Mining, and Spatial Computing. Dr. Huang's research bridges the gap between Computer and Information Science (CIScience) and GIScience by generating new computational algorithms and methods to make sense of complex spatial datasets. The problem domains of her research are related to human mobility and natural hazards. Dr. Huang published over 90 articles, and edited three books. Her research is primarily sponsored by Department of Energy, National Science Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Institutes of Health, NOAA Sea Grant, and Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation. Dr. Huang is a fellow for Next Generation of Hazards & Disasters Researchers, and CyberGIS. Dr. Huang served as an editorial board member for the Geo-spatial Information Science (GSIS), and a guest editor of a Special Issue in the ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, International Journal of Digital Earth, and Cartography and Geographic Information Science. Dr. Huang was elected as the chair for AAG Cyberinfrastructure Specialty Group. Dr. Huang regularly teaches three GIScience: (1) Geog170 "Introduction to Geospatial Technologies"; (2) Geog574 "Spatial Database"; and (3) Geog576 "Spatial Web and Mobile Programming". IN particular, the teaching experiences in Geo574, and Geog576 are highly relevant and useful to the proposed book chapters Dr. Huang will be responsible for.

Dr. Zhipeng Gui is now an Associate Professor of Geographic Information Science in the School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University. He received his Ph.D. degree from Wuhan University in 2011, and worked as a research assistant professor at George Mason University, U.S. till Dec. 2013, as well as an honorary research associate at Chinese University of Hong Kong in 2018. His research interest is high-performance spatiotemporal data mining, geovisual analytics and Distributed Geographic Information Processing (DGIP), especially on 1) Spatiotemporal point pattern analysis, human mobility and GeoAI; 2) High-performance geocomputation and spatial cloud computing; 3) Multimodal and cross-modal geospatial resource discovery and retrieval; 4) Geospatial service chain modeling and optimization; 5) QoGIS-aware monitoring and evaluation of geospatial web services. He serves as the Co-chair of International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) Working Group V/4 (2016-2020), as well as the Secretary of Working Committee of Theory and Method for Geographic Information Science (2017-2021), China Association for Geographic Information Society (CAGIS). He has received two research programs as PI sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NFSC), and participate two National Key R&D Program of China programs as PI of Sub-project. Dr. Gui regularly teaches four courses: 1) Geospatial Web Service Technologies; 2) High Performance Geocomputation; 2) Geovisualization Technologies; 4) Software Engineering. He also teaches several international summer school courses and tutorials during ISPRS events.

Dr. Wei Tu is an associate professor in the Department of Urban Informatics, Shenzhen University. He is also a visiting scholar at the Senseable City Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He received the B.S., M.S, and Ph.D degree from Wuhan University 2007, 2009, and 2013 respectively. He is the co-chair of Work Group "smart cities and region", International Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. His research interests focus on Urban Sensing and Intelligence, including data-driven human activity-mobility, multi-source geospatial data fusion, and smart applications in the cities worldwide. He has published over 60 articles. His research is primarily sponsored by National Science Foundation of China, MSRA, Shenzhen City Government. Dr. Tu served as an editorial board member for the PLOS One, and a guest editor of a Special Issue in the Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science. He has been awarded the LIZHI Young-Talent Scholar. Dr. Tu teaches courses including: (1) GIS: principle and application (undergrade level); (2) Spatial statistics and analysis, (3) Urban big data analytics. His teaching experiences are highly relevant to the scope of the proposed book.

Dr. Jizhe Xia 是中國深圳大學城市資訊學系的副教授。他於2015年在喬治梅森大學獲得地球系統與地理資訊科學的博士學位。從2015年到2017年，他擔任國家科學基金會 (NSF) 時空邀請中心的研究助理教授。他的研究興趣包括時空數據結構、時空優化、開源GIS及其在智慧城市中的應用。他發表了超過60篇文章，引用次數超過1200次。他是中國國家自然科學基金 (NFSC) 項目的主要研究者，並參與中國國家重點研發計畫的子項目，自2017年以來已獲得超過400萬人民幣的研究資金。Dr. Xia 教授的課程包括：(1) 開源GIS（本科層級）；開放數據、軟體與計算（研究生層級），(2) WebGIS，(3) 數據科學與數據挖掘，(4) 大數據GIS，以及 (5) 空間視覺化。2019年，他獲得中國GIS教學競賽的二等獎。他的教學經驗與提議書的範疇高度相關。

Dr. Qunying Huang 是威斯康辛大學麥迪遜分校地理系的副教授。她於2004年獲得中南大學的學士學位，2007年獲得北京大學的碩士學位，2011年獲得喬治梅森大學的博士學位。她的專業領域包括空間大數據分析與融合、空間數據挖掘和空間計算。Dr. Huang 的研究橋接了計算機與資訊科學 (CIScience) 和地理資訊科學 (GIScience) 之間的鴻溝，通過生成新的計算算法和方法來理解複雜的空間數據集。她的研究問題領域與人類流動性和自然災害相關。Dr. Huang 發表了超過90篇文章，並編輯了三本書。她的研究主要由能源部、國家科學基金會、國家航空暨太空總署、國家衛生研究院、NOAA海洋贈款和威斯康辛校友研究基金會資助。Dr. Huang 是下一代災害與危險研究者和CyberGIS的研究員。她曾擔任《地理空間資訊科學》（GSIS）的編輯委員會成員，以及《ISPRS國際地理資訊期刊》、《國際數位地球期刊》和《製圖與地理資訊科學》特刊的客座編輯。Dr. Huang 被選為美國地理學會 (AAG) 網路基礎設施專業小組的主席。Dr. Huang 定期教授三門GIScience課程：(1) Geog170 '地理空間技術導論'；(2) Geog574 '空間數據庫'；以及 (3) Geog576 '空間網路與行動程式設計'。特別是Geog574和Geog576的教學經驗對於Dr. Huang 負責的提議書章節非常相關且有用。

Dr. Zhipeng Gui 現在是武漢大學遙感與資訊工程學院的地理資訊科學副教授。他於2011年在武漢大學獲得博士學位，並在喬治梅森大學擔任研究助理教授至2013年12月，2018年擔任香港中文大學的榮譽研究助理。他的研究興趣包括高效能時空數據挖掘、地理視覺分析和分散式地理資訊處理 (DGIP)，特別是在以下方面：1) 時空點模式分析、人類流動性和GeoAI；2) 高效能地理計算和空間雲計算；3) 多模態和跨模態地理空間資源發現與檢索；4) 地理空間服務鏈建模與優化；5) QoGIS感知的地理空間網路服務監控與評估。他擔任國際攝影測量與遙感學會 (ISPRS) 工作組V/4的共同主席（2016-2020），以及地理資訊理論與方法工作委員會的秘書。