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Description:
Hibernate practically exploded on the Java scene. Why is this open-source tool so popular? Because it automates a tedious task: persisting your Java objects to a relational database. The inevitable mismatch between your object-oriented code and the relational database requires you to write code that maps one to the other. This code is often complex, tedious and costly to develop. Hibernate does the mapping for you.
Not only that, Hibernate makes it easy. Positioned as a layer between your application and your database, Hibernate takes care of loading and saving of objects. Hibernate applications are cheaper, more portable, and more resilient to change. And they perform better than anything you are likely to develop yourself.
Hibernate in Action carefully explains the concepts you need, then gets you going. It builds on a single example to show you how to use Hibernate in practice, how to deal with concurrency and transactions, how to efficiently retrieve objects and use caching.
The authors created Hibernate and they field questions from the Hibernate community every day—they know how to make Hibernate sing. Knowledge and insight seep out of every pore of this book.
What's Inside
- ORM concepts
- Getting started
- Many real-world tasks
- The Hibernate application development processes
Table of Contents:
foreword xi
preface xiii
acknowledgments xv
about this book xvi
about Hibernate3 and EJB 3 xx
author online xxi
about the title and cover xxii
- 1 Understanding object/relational persistence 1
- What is persistence? 3
- Relational databases 3 - Understanding SQL 4 - Using SQL in Java 5 - Persistence in object-oriented applications 5
- The paradigm mismatch 7
- The problem of granularity 9 - The problem of subtypes 10 - The problem of identity 11 - Problems relating to associations 13 - The problem of object graph navigation 14 - The cost of the mismatch 15
- Persistence layers and alternatives 16
- Layered architecture 17 - Hand-coding a persistence layer with SQL/JDBC 18 - Using serialization 19 - Considering EJB entity beans 20 - Object-oriented database systems 21 - Other options 22
- Object/relational mapping 22
- What is ORM? 23 - Generic ORM problems 25 - Why ORM? 26
- Summary 29
- 2 Introducing and integrating Hibernate 30
- "Hello World" with Hibernate 31
- Understanding the architecture 36
- The core interfaces 38 - Callback interfaces 40 - Types 40 - Extension interfaces 41
- Basic configuration 41
- Creating a SessionFactory 42 - Configuration in non-managed environments 45 - Configuration in managed environments 48
- Advanced configuration settings 51
- Using XML-based configuration 51 - JNDI-bound SessionFactory 53 - Logging 54 - Java Management Extensions (JMX) 55
- Summary 58
- 3 Mapping persistent classes 59
- The CaveatEmptor application 60
- Analyzing the business domain 61 - The CaveatEmptor domain model 61
- Implementing the domain model 64
- Addressing leakage of concerns 64 - Transparent and automated persistence 65 - Writing POJOs 67 - Implementing POJO associations 69 - Adding logic to accessor methods 73
- Defining the mapping metadata 75
- Metadata in XML 75 - Basic property and class mappings 78 - Attribute-oriented programming 84 - Manipulating metadata at runtime 86
- Understanding object identity 87
- Identity versus equality 87 - Database identity with Hibernate 88 - Choosing primary keys 90
- Fine-grained object models 92
- Entity and value types 93 - Using components 93
- Mapping class inheritance 97
- Table per concrete class 97 - Table per class hierarchy 99 - Table per subclass 101 - Choosing a strategy 104
- Introducing associations 105
- Managed associations? 106 - Multiplicity 106 - The simplest possible association 107 - Making the association bidirectional 108 - A parent/child relationship 111
- Summary 112
- 4 Working with persistent objects 114
- The persistence lifecycle 115
- Transient objects 116 - Persistent objects 117 - Detached objects 118 - The scope of object identity 119 - Outside the identity scope 121 - Implementing equals() and hashCode() 122
- The persistence manager 126
- Making an object persistent 126 - Updating the persistent state of a detached instance 127 - Retrieving a persistent object 129 - Updating a persistent object 129 - Making a persistent object transient 129 - Making a detached object transient 130
- Using transitive persistence in Hibernate 131
- Persistence by reachability 131 - Cascading persistence with Hibernate 133 - Managing auction categories 134 - Distinguishing between transient and detached instances 138
- Retrieving objects 139
- Retrieving objects by identifier 140 - Introducing HQL 141 - Query by criteria 142 - Query by example 143 - Fetching strategies 143 - Selecting a fetching strategy in mappings 146 - Tuning object retrieval 151
- Summary 152
- 5 Transactions, concurrency, and caching 154
- Transactions, concurrency, and caching 154
- Understanding database transactions 156
- JDBC and JTA transactions 157 - The Hibernate Transaction API 158 - Flushing the Session 160 - Understanding isolation levels 161 - Choosing an isolation level 163 - Setting an isolation level 165 - Using pessimistic locking 165
- Working with application transactions 168
- Using managed versioning 169 - Granularity of a Session 172 - Other ways to implement optimistic locking 174
- Caching theory and practice 175
- Caching strategies and scopes 176 - The Hibernate cache architecture 179 - Caching in practice 185
- Summary 194
- 6 Advanced mapping concepts 195
- Understanding the Hibernate type system 196
- Built-in mapping types 198 - Using mapping types 200
- Mapping collections of value types 211
- Sets, bags, lists, and maps 211
- Mapping entity associations 220
- One-to-one associations 220 - Many-to-many associations 225
- Mapping polymorphic associations 234
- Polymorphic many-to-one associations 234 - Polymorphic collections 236 - Polymorphic associations and table-per- concrete-class 237
- Summary 239
- 7 Retrieving objects efficiently 241
- Executing queries 243
- The query interfaces 243 - Binding parameters 245 - Using named queries 249
- Basic queries for objects 250
- The simplest query 250 - Using aliases 251 - Polymorphic queries 251 - Restriction 252 - Comparison operators 253 - String matching 255 - Logical operators 256 - Ordering query results 257
- Joining associations 258
- Hibernate join options 259 - Fetching associations 260 - Using aliases with joins 262 - Using implicit joins 265 - Theta-style joins 267 - Comparing identifiers 268
- Writing report queries 269 Projection 270 - Using aggregation 272 - Grouping 273
- Restricting groups with having 274 - Improving performance with report queries 275
- Advanced query techniques 276
- Dynamic queries 276 - Collection filters 279 - Subqueries 281 - Native SQL queries 283
- Optimizing object retrieval 286
- Solving the n+1 selects problem 286 - Using iterate() queries 289 - Caching queries 290
- Summary 292
- 8 Writing Hibernate applications 294
- Designing layered applications 295
- Using Hibernate in a servlet engine 296 - Using Hibernate in an EJB container 311
- Implementing application transactions 320
- Approving a new auction 321 - Doing it the hard way 322 - Using detached persistent objects 324 - Using a long session 325 - Choosing an approach to application transactions 329
- Handling special kinds of data 330
- Legacy schemas and composite keys 330 - Audit logging 340
- Summary 347
- 9 Using the toolset 348
- Development processes 349
- Top down 350 - Bottom up 350 - Middle out (metadata oriented) 350 - Meet in the middle 350 - Roundtripping 351
- Automatic schema generation 351
- Preparing the mapping metadata 352 - Creating the schema 355 - Updating the schema 357
- Generating POJO code 358
- Adding meta-attributes 358 - Generating finders 360 - Configuring hbm2java 362 - Running hbm2java 363
- Existing schemas and Middlegen 364
- Starting Middlegen 364 - Restricting tables and relationships 366 - Customizing the metadata generation 368 - Generating hbm2java and XDoclet metadata 370
- XDoclet 372
- Setting value type attributes 372 - Mapping entity associations 374 - Running XDoclet 375
- Summary 376
- appendix A: SQL fundamentals 378
- appendix B: ORM implementation strategies 382
- Properties or fields? 383
- Dirty-checking strategies 384
- appendix C: Back in the real world 388
- The strange copy 389
- The more the better 390
- We don?t need primary keys 390
- Time isn?t linear 391
- Dynamically unsafe 391
- To synchronize or not? 392
- Really fat client 393
- Resuming Hibernate 394
references 395
index 397