Plan, design, and configure high-speed fiber-optic networks
Coverage includes:
- Configuring ONS 15454 and ONS 15327 platforms
- Architecture for building Metropolitan Ethernet Transparent LAN Services
(TLS)
- Packet over SONET (PoS) network design, configuration, and verification
- Inner workings of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM), including
operability with the ONS 15216 product family
- Principles of Dynamic Packet Transport (DPT)
- SONET background, including structures, components, and network design
- Bonus case studies, which challenge you to select equipment and design a
metro optical network
Fiber-optic networking has several significant advantages over traditional
wired and wireless networks: optical signals can travel much farther than
electrical signals, are more secure, are resistant to electromagnetic
interference, and have the potential to provide bandwidth in the terabits per
second range (1000 Gbps).
Service providers must satisfy the always-increasing networking demands of
customers while keeping costs to a minimum. Optical networks must meet the
challenge of supporting multiple types of transmissions including voice, video,
and data traffic. Although time-division multiplexing (TDM) has provided a
growth path for services, it is more constrained than IP + Optical strategies
like the Cisco Dynamic Packet Transport (Resilient Packet Ring). The Cisco
Systems® end-to-end IP + Optical networking strategy provides an intelligent
converged network in which optical infrastructures can be used to their fullest
potential.
While most reference books focus on the theory involved in SONET and optical
infrastructures, Cisco Self-Study: Building Cisco Metro Optical Networks
(METRO) focuses on the practical application of planning and configuring
optical networks that involve SONET, DWDM, Metropolitan Ethernet, Packet over
SONET, and Dynamic Packet Transport (Resilient Packet Ring).
Cisco Self-Study: Building Cisco Metro Optical Networks (METRO) is
part of a recommended learning path from Cisco Systems that can include
simulation and hands-on training from authorized Cisco Learning Partners and
self-study products from Cisco Press. To find out more about instructor-led
training, e-learning, and hands-on instruction offered by authorized Cisco
Learning Partners worldwide, please visit
www.cisco.com/go/authorizedtraining.
This volume is in the Certification Self-Study Series offered by Cisco Press.
Books in this series provide officially developed training solutions to help
networking professionals understand technology implementations and prepare for
the Cisco Career Certifications examinations.
Table of Contents
Introduction.
1. Metro Area Optical Networks.
Components of a MAN. Metro. Service POP. Core.
MAN Services. Access Services. Metro Optical Services. Service POP Services.
Core Services. MAON Physical Topologies. Four Key Service Traffic Patterns.
Service Offerings and Opportunities. Corporate Network RequirementsService
Technologies. Summary. Review Questions.
2. Voice History.
A Short History of Voice and Data Transmission.
Digital Hierarchy. Developing a Digital Hierarchy Outside the United States.
Expanding the Digital Hierarchy. Summary. Review Questions.
3. SONET Overview.
SONET and SDH Overview. SONET Development and
Fundamentals. SONET Advantages. Single-Step Multiplexing. Access to Low-level
Signal Directly. Carry Existing DS1, DS3, ATM, and Packet Traffic. Synchronous
Timing to Eliminate Bit Stuffing. Allow Transmission of Data at Higher Speeds.
SONET Layers. Photonic Layer. Section Layer. Line Layer. Path Layer. SONET
Framing. Section Overhead. Line Overhead. Path Overhead. SONET Network Elements.
Terminal Multiplexer. Add/Drop Multiplexers. Regenerators or Amplifiers. Digital
Cross-Connects. SONET DCS. Digital Loop Carriers. Drop and Continue. SONET
Topologies. Point-to-Point Topology. Point-to-Multipoint/Linear Topology. Mesh
Topology. Ring Topology. Automatic Protection Switching. Path-Protected Mesh
Network. Cisco BLSR Ring Enhancements. SONET Alarms. Error-Causing Events. Error
Event Propagation. Performance Event Collection. SONET Management. Cisco SONET
Enhancements. SONET Network Element Management. Cisco UPSR Ring Enhancements.
Summary. Review Questions.
4. ONS 15454 and ONS 15327 Optical Platforms.
Choosing a Cisco Metro-Area Network Platform.
Cisco ONS 15454 Optical Platform. Control Cards. Electrical Cards. Optical
Cards. Ethernet Cards. Cisco ONS 15327 Platform. Common Control and Electrical
Cards. Optical and Ethernet Cards. Cisco Transport Controller. Summary. Review
Questions.
5. Configuring ONS 15454 and ONS 15327.
Initial Configuration of the Cisco ONS 15454 and
15327. Troubleshooting CTC. Entering Basic Node Information. General Subtab.
Network Subtab. Security Subtab. Protection Subtab. Configuring SONET Timing.
Timing in Linear Networks. Timing in Metro Rings. Ring Synchronization. Timing
Subtab. Activating Cards. Ring Configurations. Two-Fiber BLSR Architecture.
Four-Fiber BLSR Architecture. Creating UPSR Rings Through the SONET DCC Subtab.
Verifying a UPSR Ring Configuration. Creating Two-Fiber BLSR Rings. Provisioning
the BLSR. Verifying a BLSR Ring Configuration. Four-Fiber BLSR Ring. Summary.
Review Questions.
6. Metro Ethernet Services.
Market Drivers for Metropolitan Ethernet.
Metropolitan Ethernet Market Drivers. Metro Ethernet Architectures. Customer
Premises Equipment. POP Interconnect. Transporting Metro Ethernet. Ethernet over
SONET. Ethernet over DWDM. Point-to-Point Dedicated Metro Ethernet Circuits.
Point-to-Multipoint Shared/Shared Packet Ring. Quality of Service. ONS 15454 and
ONS 15327 Metro Ethernet Blades. Summary. Review Questions.
7. Configuring Metro Ethernet.
Configuring Metro Ethernet Circuits. Step 1:
Card Mode Configuration. Step 2: Configuring Port Options. Step 3: VLAN
Configuration. Step 4: Creating Circuits. Step 5: Circuit Verification.
Troubleshooting Metro Ethernet Connectivity. Summary. Review Questions.
8. Implementing DWDM in Metropolitan-Area Networks.
Challenges in the Metro-Area Network.
Multiplexing Optical Signals. The Technology Behind DWDM. DWDM Components. DWDM
Optical Limitations. Cisco DWDM Equipment. OC-48 ELR ITU Optics. Cisco ONS 15216
Filters (200-GHz Spacing). Planning an Optical System Using Cisco Equipment.
Span-Loss Calculation. Building a DWDM Infrastructure. DWDM Network
Requirements. Provisioning the OC-48 ELR ITU Optics Card. Summary. Review
Questions.
9. Packet over SONET.
Evolution of Voice and Data Networks.
Applications for PoS. ATM and PoS. PoS Transport. Multiaccess Protocol over
SONET. Packet over SONET Operation and Specifications. High-Order Containment.
Payload Scrambling. PoS Efficiencies. PoS Network Designs. One Router. Two
Routers. PoS Protection Schemes. PoS Convergence. Flapping. Load Balancing.
Alarms and PoS. Summary. Review Questions.
10. Configuring Packet over SONET.
Cisco 12000 Series PoS Line Cards. Cisco PoS
Line Card Features. Packet over SONET Physical Fiber Configuration. Configuring
PoS Interfaces. Accessing the PoS Interface. IP Address. Encapsulation. Framing.
Payload Scrambling. CRC. Clocking. PoS ais-shut Command. Alarm Thresholds.
Sample PoS Interface Configurations. PoS Configuration Without Protection. PoS
Configuration with APS Protection. PoS show Commands. show controllers pos
Command. show protocols pos Command. show interfaces pos Command. show aps
Command. Verifying the PoS Configuration Using ping. Physical Interface
Loopbacks. Summary. Review Questions.
11. Dynamic Packet Transport.
Background Information. IP+Optical Concepts.
DPT: An Efficient MAN Solution. Internetworking with SONET. DPT in Campus and
MAN Environments. SRP. SRP Protection. SRP Packets. DPT Rings. SRP Ring
Selection. Ethernet and the DPT Ring. Automatic Configuration of DPT Rings. DPT
Quality of Service. SRP Fairness Algorithm (SRP-fa). SRP-fa Monitoring.
Maintaining Network Reliability. Automatic Reconfiguration and Rerouting. Node
States and Ring Operation. Summary. Review Questions.
12. Configuring Dynamic Packet Transport.
Reviewing the Cisco DPT Platforms. Metro IP
Access Ring with DPT. DPT Configuration. Verifying and Troubleshooting DPT. DPT
show Commands. show interfaces srp Command. show srp Command. show version
Command. show diag Command. show controllers srp Command. show srp topology
Command. DPT debug Commands. debug srp protocol error Command. debug srp ips
Command. debug srp nodename Command. debug srp packet Command. debug srp
periodic activity Command. debug srp topology Command. DPT over an ONS
15454/15327 SONET Ring. ONS 15454 and 15327 DPT Circuit Provisioning. Summary.
Review Questions.
13. Metro Optical Case Studies.
Steps for Developing a Metro Optical Solution.
Customer Requirements. Component Manufacturers. System Manufacturers. Fiber
Manufacturers. Service Providers. Physical Technical Specifications. Fiber-Loss
Variables. Fiber-Loss Information for ONS 15216 and 15454 Products. ONS 15216
Product Specifications. ONS 15216 DWDM Filters. ONS 15454 Line Cards. Power
Conversion (Aggregate to Per Channel). Power-Conversion Examples (Aggregate to
Per Channel). Exercises. Exercise Formulas. Exercise 1. Exercise 2. Exercise 3.
Case Study 1: SPR Enterprises. Phase 1: Identify Requirements. Phase 2: Identify
Options. Phase 3: Design Solution. Phase 4: Create a Solution Summary. Case
Study 1 Solution: SPR Enterprises. Case Study 2: FC Enterprises. Phase 1:
Identify Requirements. Phase 2: Identify Options. Phase 3: Design Solution.
Phase 4: Create a Solution Summary. Case Study 2 Solution: FC Enterprises.
Objective. Solution.
Answers to Review Questions.