Designing Software Product Lines with UML : From Use Cases to Pattern-Based Software Architectures

Description:

"Designing Software Product Lines with UML is well-written, informative, and addresses a very important topic. It is a valuable contribution to the literature in this area, and offers practical guidance for software architects and engineers."
—Alan Brown
Distinguished Engineer, Rational Software, IBM Software Group

"Gomaa's process and UML extensions allow development teams to focus on feature-oriented development and provide a basis for improving the level of reuse across multiple software development efforts. This book will be valuable to any software development professional who needs to manage across projects and wants to focus on creating software that is consistent, reusable, and modular in nature."
—Jeffrey S Hammond
Group Marketing Manager, Rational Software, IBM Software Group

"This book brings together a good range of concepts for understanding software product lines and provides an organized method for developing product lines using object-oriented techniques with the UML. Once again, Hassan has done an excellent job in balancing the needs of both experienced and novice software engineers."
—Robert G. Pettit IV, Ph.D.
Adjunct Professor of Software Engineering, George Mason University

"This breakthrough book provides a comprehensive step-by-step approach on how to develop software product lines, which is of great strategic benefit to industry. The development of software product lines enables significant reuse of software architectures. Practitioners will benefit from the well-defined PLUS process and rich case studies."
—Hurley V. Blankenship II
Program Manager, Justice and Public Safety, Science Applications International Corporation

"The Product Line UML based Software engineering (PLUS) is leading edge. With the author's wide experience and deep knowledge, PLUS is well harmonized with architectural and design pattern technologies."
—Michael Shin
Assistant Professor, Texas Tech University

Long a standard practice in traditional manufacturing, the concept of product lines is quickly earning recognition in the software industry. A software product line is a family of systems that shares a common set of core technical assets with preplanned extensions and variations to address the needs of specific customers or market segments. When skillfully implemented, a product line strategy can yield enormous gains in productivity, quality, and time-to-market. Studies indicate that if three or more systems with a degree of common functionality are to be developed, a product-line approach is significantly more cost-effective.

To model and design families of systems, the analysis and design concepts for single product systems need to be extended to support product lines. Designing Software Product Lines with UML shows how to employ the latest version of the industry-standard Unified Modeling Language (UML 2.0) to reuse software requirements and architectures rather than starting the development of each new system from scratch. Through real-world case studies, the book illustrates the fundamental concepts and technologies used in the design and implementation of software product lines.

This book describes a new UML-based software design method for product lines called PLUS (Product Line UML-based Software engineering). PLUS provides a set of concepts and techniques to extend UML-based design methods and processes for single systems in a new dimension to address software product lines. Using PLUS, the objective is to explicitly model the commonality and variability in a software product line.

Hassan Gomaa explores how each of the UML modeling views—use case, static, state machine, and interaction modeling—can be extended to address software product families. He also discusses how software architectural patterns can be used to develop a reusable component-based architecture for a product line and how to express this architecture as a UML platform-independent model that can then be mapped to a platform-specific model.

Key topics include:

• Software product line engineering process, which extends the Unified Development Software Process to address software product lines
• Use case modeling, including modeling the common and variable functionality of a product line
• Incorporating feature modeling into UML for modeling common, optional, and alternative product line features
• Static modeling, including modeling the boundary of the product line and information-intensive entity classes
• Dynamic modeling, including using interaction modeling to address use-case variability
• State machines for modeling state-dependent variability
• Modeling class variability using inheritance and parameterization
• Software architectural patterns for product lines
• Component-based distributed design using the new UML 2.0 capability for modeling components, connectors, ports, and provided and required interfaces
• Detailed case studies giving a step-by-step solution to real-world product line problems

Designing Software Product Lines with UML is an invaluable resource for all designers and developers in this growing field. The information, technology, and case studies presented here show how to harness the promise of software product lines and the practicality of the UML to take software design, quality, and efficiency to the next level. An enhanced online index allows readers to quickly and easily search the entire text for specific topics.

Table of Contents:

Foreword.

Preface.

Acknowledgments.

I. OVERVIEW.

1. Introduction.

Software Reuse.

Software Product Lines.

Modeling Requirements Variability in Software Product Lines: Feature Modeling.

Modeling Design Variability in Software Product Lines.

Reusable Design Patterns.

Modeling Single Systems with UML.

COMET: A UML-Based Software Design Method for Single Systems.

Modeling Software Product Lines with UML.

UML as a Standard.

Related Texts.

Summary.

2. Design Concepts for Software Product Lines.

Object-Oriented Concepts.

Information Hiding.

Relationships between Classes.

Dynamic Modeling.

Sequential and Concurrent Applications.

Software Architecture and Components.

Summary.

3. Software Product Line Engineering.

Evolutionary Software Product Line Engineering Process.

Software Product Line Engineering Phases.

Forward and Reverse Evolutionary Engineering.

Integration of PLUS with the Spiral Model.

Integration of PLUS with Unified Software Development Process.

Requirements, Analysis, and Design Modeling in Software Product Lines.

Software Product Line Scoping.

Summary.

II. REQUIREMENTS, ANALYSIS, AND DESIGN MODELING FOR SOFTWARE PRODUCT LINES.

4. Use Case Modeling for Software Product Lines.

The Use Case Model in Single Systems.

The Use Case Model for Software Product Lines.

Identifying Use Cases.

Documenting Product Line Use Cases.

Example of a Use Case Description.

Modeling Variability in Use Cases.

Modeling Small Variations.

Modeling Variability with the Extend Relationship.

Modeling Variability with the Include Relationship.

Use Case Development Strategies.

Summary.

5. Feature Modeling for Software Product Lines.

Introduction to Feature Analysis.

Commonality/Variability Feature Analysis.

Features and Use Cases.

Feature Modeling with UML.

Feature Groups.

Advanced Feature Modeling with UML.

Summary.

6. Static Modeling in Software Product Lines.

Modeling Commonality and Variability in Product Lines.

Static Modeling of the Software Product Line Problem Domain.

Static Modeling of the Software Product Line Scope.

Static Modeling of Entity Classes.

Modeling Application Classes and Objects.

Summary.

7. Dynamic Interaction Modeling for Software Product Lines.

Dynamic Modeling in Single Systems.

Evolutionary Dynamic Modeling in Software Product Lines.

Kernel First Approach.

Software Product Line Evolution Approach.

Message Sequence Numbering on Interaction Diagrams.

Example of Evolutionary Dynamic Analysis for the Microwave Oven Product Line.

Summary.

8. Finite State Machines and Statecharts for Software Product Lines.

Finite State Machines for Kernel and Single Systems.

Hierarchical Statecharts.

Finite State Machines and Statecharts for Software Product Lines.

Inherited State Machines in Software Product Lines.

Parameterized State Machines in Software Product Lines.

Comparison of Approaches.

Kernel First Approach: State-Dependent Dynamic Analysis.

Software Product Line Evolution Approach.

Dynamic Analysis with Communicating State-Dependent Objects.

Summary.

9. Feature/Class Dependency Modeling for Software Product Lines.

Classes and Variation Points.

Class Reuse Categorization for Software Product Lines.

Feature/Class Dependencies.

Feature-Based Impact Analysis.

Feature/Object and Feature/Class Dependency Modeling in UML.

Summary.

10. Architectural Patterns for Software Product Lines.

Categorization of Software Patterns.

Software Architectural Structure Patterns.

Software Architectural Communication Patterns.

Software Architectural Transaction Patterns.

Documenting Software Architectural Patterns.

Applying Software Architectural Patterns.

Summary.

11. Software Product Line Architectural Design: Component-Based Design.

Software Architecture Issues.

Configurable Architectures and Software Components.

Steps in Designing Distributed Applications.

Design of Software Architecture.

Design of Component-Based Software Architecture.

Separation of Concerns in Component Design.

Aggregate and Composite Subsystems.

Component Structuring Criteria.

Design of Server Components.

Distribution of Data.

Design of Component Interfaces.

Design of Components.

Summary.

12. Software Application Engineering.

Phases in Software Application Engineering.

Software Application Engineering with the USDP.

Application Deployment.

Tradeoffs in Software Application Engineering.

Example of Software Application Engineering.

Summary.

III. CASE STUDIES.

13. Microwave Oven Software Product Line Case Study.

Problem Description.

Use Case Modeling.

Feature Modeling.

Static Modeling.

Dynamic Modeling.

Software Product Line Evolution.

Feature/Class Dependency Analysis.

Design Modeling.

Software Application Engineering.

14. Electronic Commerce Software Product Line Case Study.

Problem Description.

Use Case Modeling.

Feature Modeling.

Static Modeling.

Dynamic Modeling.

Software Product Line Evolution.

Feature/Class Dependency Analysis.

Design Modeling.

Software Application Engineering.

15. Factory Automation Software Product Line Case Study.

Problem Description.

Use Case Modeling.

Feature Modeling.

Static Modeling.

Dynamic Modeling.

Software Product Line Evolution.

Feature/Class Dependency Analysis.

Design Modeling.

Software Application Engineering.

Appendix A: Overview of the UML Notation.

UML Diagrams.

Use Case Diagrams.

Classes and Objects.

Class Diagrams.

Interaction Diagrams.

Statechart Diagrams.

Packages.

Concurrent Communication Diagrams.

Deployment Diagrams.

UML Extension Mechanisms.

Conventions Used in This Book.

Summary.

Appendix B: Catalog of Software Architectural Patterns.

Software Architectural Structure Patterns.

Software Architectural Communication Patterns.

Software Architectural Transaction Patterns.

Glossary.

Bibliography.

Index.